<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-graded="True" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2" data-request-token="fef73cc445b211f0b2820e526f83b440" data-runtime-version="1" data-usage-id="block-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2+type@vertical+block@35a13996197f42dcb146f73c8b8eaec8" data-block-type="vertical"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Reading 1/2: Other legal considerations</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2+type@html+block@81899e6448a04e3c9c0aa8bb0ef515bf"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlModule" data-graded="True" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="fef73cc445b211f0b2820e526f83b440" data-runtime-version="1" data-usage-id="block-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2+type@html+block@81899e6448a04e3c9c0aa8bb0ef515bf" data-type="HTMLModule" data-course-id="course-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>When clearing rights to make an item in a cultural heritage institution&rsquo;s collection available online, there are considerations that are closely linked to copyright that are worth taking into account. This section discusses these.</p> <h3>Other legal considerations</h3> <p>From a legal perspective, there might be data protection or privacy concerns that challenge the sharing of the digital object online.</p> <h3>Contractual limitations or conditions</h3> <p>There can also be contractual limitations. For example, it is quite common that funding for digitisation comes with a number of conditions. A cultural heritage institution may have agreed that the publication or reuse of the digital reproduction is limited to certain circumstances. The person or institution that conducts the digitisation efforts, such as a photographer, may also have rights that need to be cleared, ideally via an agreement through which all rights are transferred to the cultural heritage institution. These various additional aspects need to be addressed in order to make the digital object available online.</p> <h3>Ethical considerations</h3> <p>Last but not least, there might be ethical considerations. Copyright protection may have expired, but a cultural heritage institution should still consider whether sharing certain digital objects online and encouraging their reuse can lead to negative consequences for certain individuals or communities. You can read more about the balance between opening up and ethics in this <a href="https://medium.com/creative-commons-we-like-to-share/beyond-copyright-the-ethics-of-open-sharing-a495bb95569d" style="text-decoration: none;">set of recommendations by Creative Commons</a> and in the Europeana <a href="https://www.europeana.eu/en/rights/public-domain-usage-guidelines" style="text-decoration: none;">Public Domain Usage Guidelines</a>.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-graded="True" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2" data-request-token="fef73cc445b211f0b2820e526f83b440" data-runtime-version="1" data-usage-id="block-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2+type@vertical+block@05dc2710a29846878513ca84baf75b7a" data-block-type="vertical"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Reading 2/2: Public domain materials</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2+type@html+block@88264834489d403aa41322ecab18ebb3"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlModule" data-graded="True" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="fef73cc445b211f0b2820e526f83b440" data-runtime-version="1" data-usage-id="block-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2+type@html+block@88264834489d403aa41322ecab18ebb3" data-type="HTMLModule" data-course-id="course-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>Cultural heritage institutions should also consider being explicit about the fact that no rights arise, or no rights are recognised, on the digitised copy of an item.&nbsp; If the item is protected by copyright, restrictions would exist anyways. Removing rights on the digital copy is therefore particularly important when the item is in the public domain: in those cases, the cultural heritage institution is depriving users of an opportunity to use the material without copyright limitations or conditions.</p> <p>Europeana, through its <a href="https://pro.europeana.eu/post/the-europeana-public-domain-charter" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Public Domain Charter</a>, encourages cultural heritage institutions to never claim rights on digital reproductions of public domain materials, and considers that it goes against the public interest mission of a cultural heritage organisation to do so.</p> <p>The very few situations in which such rights might arise are described below for clarity, and not to support making use of them.</p> <p></p> <p><img height="834" width="1240" src="/assets/courseware/v1/e645df6b6c872af6bc64a886bef4aefb/asset-v1:Europeana_Foundation+ELF01+2023_Q2+type@asset+block/copyright_training_image_1.png" alt="An item in the collections of a cultural heritage institution (a sculpture of a female figure) vs. a digitisation of that item" /></p> <p><em>An item in the collections of a cultural heritage institution (a sculpture of a female figure) vs. a digitisation of that item.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.europeana.eu/item/2048047/Athena_Plus_ProvidedCHO_Institutul_Na_ional_al_Patrimoniului_21DD9A13837845DBBBE07434AC072EB4" target="_blank">Nud de femeie - National Heritage Institute, Bucharest, Romania</a></em><i>&nbsp;- Public Domain.</i></p> <p></p> <p>Digitisation processes (e.g. scanning, taking photographs of 2D and 3D objects) can only trigger copyright protection if the digitised replica meets the European Union standard of originality, which requires that the work is the &ldquo;author&rsquo;s own intellectual creation.&rdquo; If the reproduction (the digital copy) can be considered a new original work in its own right, the person behind the digitisation of the object obtains full copyright protection. In most cases, digital objects created through digitisation will not meet the required originality threshold and will not qualify for any form of protection based on copyright.</p> <p>Copyright-related rights to non-original photography are recognised in some member states, and these could potentially apply to digital reproductions of physical items. However, the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019L0790" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive</a> has established that it is no longer possible to claim such rights on digital reproductions of works of visual arts that entered the public domain.</p> <p>As a result, there are very few cases in which it is possible to claim, with a legal basis, copyright or copyright-related rights on the digitisation of a work.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>